Low physical activity linked to increased lymphedema risk post-cancer treatment
Lymphedema, a condition where fluid builds up in tissues causing swelling, is more prevalent than previously thought among head and neck cancer survivors. Researchers at Lund University, Sweden, have uncovered a critical factor: low physical activity significantly increases the risk of developing lymphedema. Their study, utilizing lymph scanners to objectively measure tissue water changes, has been implemented in Sweden's Southern Healthcare Region. This breakthrough method provides precise criteria for diagnosing lymphedema.
Head and neck cancer encompasses various cancers affecting the head and neck region. Annually, approximately 1,800 individuals are diagnosed, with oropharyngeal cancer being the most common type, affecting the oropharynx, tonsils, and base of the tongue. Traditionally linked to smoking and alcohol, the HPV infection has emerged as a significant cause, accounting for over 80% of cases in recent years.
Many head and neck cancer survivors experience lymphedema, a condition that can persist long after treatment. The lymphatic system, responsible for draining tissue water, may be compromised by surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. The study, involving 50 patients, revealed alarming statistics: within three months, 80% exhibited lymphedema, and after nine months, the figure dropped to 69%.
Agneta Hagren, a doctoral student and nurse practitioner, emphasizes the need for better information on lymphedema risks post-cancer treatment. She attributes the lack of awareness to patients facing more severe side effects, overshadowing lymphedema. Hagren highlights the impact of cancer on sensitive areas, causing pain, speech impairment, and eating difficulties, which affect self-esteem and mental health.
Prior studies lacked uniformity in assessing lymphedema post-oropharyngeal cancer, and criteria for health or sickness were vague. Manual examinations, highly subjective, were the primary method. Hagren explains the challenge of measuring lymphedema in the head and neck region, where traditional methods are impractical.
The researchers employed lymph scanners, offering precise tissue water measurements. This enabled them to establish clear limits for lymphedema diagnosis. Hagren notes that the Southern Healthcare Region has adopted lymph scanners and the study's measurement points, a significant step towards long-term therapy outcome assessment.
The study found that individuals with higher self-estimated physical activity (4-6 on a six-grade scale) were less affected by lymphedema. Conversely, those with low physical activity had a higher risk. Hagren suggests adhering to WHO guidelines for physical activity: 20-40 minutes of medium-intensity activity or 10-20 minutes of high-intensity activity, along with twice-weekly weight training.
This research underscores the importance of physical activity in managing lymphedema post-cancer treatment, offering a potential strategy to mitigate this prevalent condition.
